ສະຖານທີ່ : ເຊກອງ, ແຂວງອັດຕະປື
ປີ : 2007-2009, 2012, 2017
Small-scale Gold Mining in Rivers
Place：Sekong River, Attapeu Province
Year : 2007-2009, 2012, 2017
ຢູ່ແຂວງອັດຕະປື, ການຮ່ອນເອົາ ຄຳຕົກຂ້ອນ (ປຶກຄຳ)ໄດ້ດໍາເນີນຢູ່ແມ່ນໍ້າໃນລະດູແລ້ງຕັ້ງແຕ່ສະໄໝບູຮານ. ຈາກປະມານປີ 2005 ຫາ 2006, ການຮ່ອນດ້ວຍມື, ເຊິ່ງເຄີຍເປັນແຫຼ່ງລາຍຮັບຂອງຊາວບ້ານ, ໄດ້ປ່ຽນແປງໄປຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ. ເຮືອຂຸດຄົ້ນທີ່ເປັນຂອງບໍລິສັດຂຸດຄົ້ນບໍ່ແຮ່ຂະໜາດນ້ອຍຈາກປະເທດຈີນ ແລະ ຫວຽດນາມໄດ້ເຂົ້າໄປແຂວງອັດຕະປື ແລະ ແຂວງເຊກອງຕອນເທິງໂດຍມີໃບອະນຸຍາດ. ເຮືອຂຸດຄົ້ນບໍ່ແຮ່ຊອກຫາຄໍາໂດຍການດູດເອົາດິນຊາຍແລະຫີນແຮ່ທັງໝົດຢູ່ທາງລຸ່ມແມ່ນໍ້າ. ພື້ນນໍ້າໄດ້ຖືກຂຸດຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ນໍ້າໄດ້ກາຍເປັນນໍ້າຂຸ່ນຕະຫຼອດການ. ໃນບາງກໍລະນີ, ການຂຸດໄດ້ດໍາເນີນຢູ່ໃນເຂດຫ້າມການຫາປາຂອງບ້ານ ແລະ ໄດ້ມີບັນຫາຕະຫຼອດລະຫວ່າງຊາວບ້ານ ແລະ ພໍ່ຄ້າ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຈໍານວນປາໃນແມ່ນໍ້າຂອງ, ເຊິ່ງເຄີຍເປັນບ່ອນຫາປາທີ່ອຸດົມສົມບູນ, ໄດ້ຫຼຸດລົງຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ. ຊາວບ້ານຈົ່ມວ່າເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າເຂົາເຈົ້າສາມາດຫາປານ້ອຍໄດ້, ປາບໍ່ມີຫຍັງນອກຈາກມີດິນຊາຍຢູ່ໃນທ້ອງ.
ຊາວບ້ານເຄີຍນຳໃຊ້ນໍ້າຈາກແມ່ນໍ້າຂອງໃນຊີວິດປະຈຳວັນ ແລະ ຕົ້ມນໍ້າດື່ມ, ແຕ່ນໍ້າບໍ່ສາມາດເອົາມານໍາໃຊ້ໄດ້ອີກຕໍ່ໄປ. ຈຳນວນເດັກນ້ອຍທີ່ປະສົບບັນຫາຕາກໍ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຍ້ອນວ່າເຂົາເຈົ້າສືບຕໍ່ຫຼິ້ນຢູ່ໃນແມ່ນໍ້າ, ດັ່ງທີ່ເຂົາເຈົ້າເຄີຍຫຼິ້ນມາຕະຫຼອດຫຼັງຈາກນໍ້າຂຸ່ນ. ໃນປີ 2009, ໃນທີ່ສຸດທຸລະກິດຂາຍນໍ້າດື່ມກໍໄດ້ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນຢູ່ໃນບ້ານ.
ໃນປີ 2007, ບ່ອນທີ່ແມ່ນໍ້າ ເຊກອງ ແລະ ເຊກະໝານປ່ອງໃສ່ກັນ, ສາມາດເບິ່ງເຫັນໄດ້ຈາກຕົວເມືອງອັດຕະປື, ນໍ້າຢູ່ໃນແມ່ນໍ້າແມ່ນເປັນສອງສີທີ່ເຫັນໄດ້ຊັດເຈນ. ບໍ່ພຽງແຕ່ຝຸ່ນຈາກການຂຸດຄົ້ນຄໍາເທົ່ານັ້ນ, ແຕ່ຍັງໄດ້ມີການສ້າງເຂື່ອນໃສ່ແມ່ນໍ້າເຊຂະໝານຕອນເທິງຂອງຫວຽດນາມອີກດ້ວຍ. ບາງທີອາດຍ້ອນວ່າປາໄດ້ພະຍາຍາມໜີຈາກນໍ້າຕົມ, ຂ້ອຍໄດ້ເຫັນຄົນຫາປາດ້ວຍການກາງໜ່າງຕາມເສັ້ນລະຫວ່າງນໍ້າຕົມ ແລະ ນໍ້າໃສ.
ເບິ່ງຄືວ່າຝຸ່ນຄໍາໄດ້ຖືກຂຸດອອກໄປໝົດແລ້ວ ແລະ ມີລາຍງານວ່າໃນທີ່ສຸດໃນປີ 2021 ນໍ້າໄດ້ກັບມາເປັນນໍ້າສະອາດອີກເທື່ອໜຶ່ງ. ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າຍັງໄດ້ຍິນວ່າປາໄດ້ກັບຄືນມາຢູ່ໃນບາງບ່ອນ.
In Attapeu, panning for gold dust has been practiced in rivers in the dry season since ancient times. From around 2005 to 2006, panning by hand, which used to be a source of income for the villagers, changed drastically. Dredger boats belonging to small mining companies from China and Vietnam entered Attapeu Province and upstream Sekong Province with permits. Mining boats search for gold by sucking up all the sand and gravel at the bottom of the river. The riverbed was dredged up and the water became permanently turbid. In some cases, the dredging was conducted in the village’s no-fishing zone, and there were constant troubles between the villagers and the traders. In addition, the number of fish in the river, which used to be an abundant fishing ground, decreased sharply. The villagers lamented that even if they were able to catch small fish, the fish had nothing but sand in their bellies.
The villagers had also used the water from the river for daily use and boiled it for drinking, but that was no longer possible. The number of children suffering from eye problems increased because they continued to play in the river, as they always had, after the water became turbid. In 2009, a business selling drinking water was finally started up in the village.
In 2007, at the confluence of the Sekong and Sekaman rivers, visible from the city of Attapeu, the water in the rivers was quite obviously two different colors. Not only was gold dust mined, but a dam was also constructed in the upper reaches of the Sekaman River in Vietnam. Perhaps because the fish were trying to escape from the muddy water, I saw people fishing by running a net along the borderline between the muddy water and the clear water.
It seems the gold dust has all been completely dredged up, and it is reported that finally in 2021 the water became clear again. I have also heard that the fish have returned in some places.
ການອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ໃຊ້ຮູບຢູ່ໃນເວັບໄຊນີ້
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